I just undo when that happens

In smartparens-mode (and probably in paredit-mode as well) any symbol prefixed with C-q will be inserted as is, even it it produce unbalanced expression.

I don't use evil, so you probably should check keybinding for quoted-insert command

Disable it temporarily, make the change, then re-enable it? Paredit is a minor mode, right? It should have an interactive command called paredit-mode to toggle it on or off.

yeah M-x paredit-mode or this defun which I bind to shift+backspace:

(defun vemv/force-backspace ()
  "Performs a deletion, overriding paredit safeguards"
  (interactive)
  (if (region-active-p)
      (progn (call-interactively 'kill-region))
    (delete-region (dec (point)) (point))))

Fellow borrowers of the above defun will want:

(defmacro dec (n)
  `(- ,n 1))

paredit don't know about cut with C-w, and paste with C-y, which might come handy.

So when these things happens i usually mark the superflous parenthesis and cuts it with C-w. If a parenthesis is missing - i copy one of the kind that is missing and paste one where it is missing.

There are Emacs packages to configure Evil to respect Clojure structure, such as https://github.com/luxbock/evil-cleverparens This helps minimise the issue occurring when using vim-style editing. Otherwise I would toggle the mode (I use smartparens in Spacemacs and toggle is SPC t p ) I like the idea of using C-q as a shortcut, as its usually just one paren. Also useful for copy paste fixes which easily have the same potential issue.

I also “cheat” with C-w/`C-y` if it’s just a matter of a single errant or missing paren. If it’s more generally scrambled I disable paredit temporarily with M-x paredit-mode.