I'm not sure how to google for this, so here's a picture. What are the yellow actions on the right called, and what key might I use to interact with them without using the mouse?

code actions, and depends on your editor configuration

I'm using emacs, is there something I might configure to be able to interact with them?

I see them as part of that, and S-l a a accomplishes the same thing

non-doom emacs (?hopeful emacs?)

the mouse works...

I will google using the magic words "code actions"

@deleted-user is correct, also, you can disable them (like me) as there are a lot of them, and you can move them to the modeline for example just to know there are code actions for that line

yeah, clojure-lsp (and other servers) usually provide a lot of code actions and that can easily look to intrusive

I like seeing them there so far, at least on wide monitors