The alternative in this case is creating impl classes, and I'm not sure if that's better or worse. It's unclear whether that's a stable api to me, because the artefact is named impl too

So the repro is this:

;; deps.edn
{:paths ["src"]
 :deps
 {org.clojure/tools.deps.alpha {:mvn/version "0.7.541"}
  metasoarous/oz {:mvn/version "1.6.0-alpha5"}}}

;; src/io/dominic/tda_npe/core.clj
(ns io.dominic.tda-npe.core
  (:require
    [clojure.tools.deps.alpha :as tools.deps]))

(def deps-map
  '{:paths ["src"]
    :deps {org.clojure/clojure #:mvn{:version "1.9.0"} }
    :mvn/repos {"central" {:url ""}
                "clojars" {:url ""}}})

(defn -main
  [& _]
  (tools.deps/resolve-deps deps-map {}))

clojure -Spath | while IFS= read -rd: line; do
    if [ -f "${line}" ]; then
        jar tf "${line}" | while read -r file; do echo "${line}: ${file}"; done
    fi
done | sort -k2 | uniq -f1 --all-repeated=separate

metasoarous/oz {:mvn/version "1.6.0-alpha5"
                  :exclusions [org.apache.maven/maven-aether-provider]}

It's coming transitively from pomegranate, so I think you can't have pomegranate and t.d.a on the classpath together without this exception.

https://github.com/marketplace/actions/setup-clojure I wrote github action to setup hosted runner with clojure cli.